How does weight loss with retatrutide work?
Research in humans shows that retatrutide activates all three incretin receptors: GIP, GLP-1, and GCG, to their full extent. Retatrutide is very powerful at the GIP and GLP-1 sites, making it one of the strongest incretins. It affects both stomach emptying and how our brains control hunger and fullness.
Most of retatrutide’s effects come from reducing fat mass, likely because it helps people eat less for longer periods compared to similar medications. Eating less, especially at the beginning of using retatrutide, starts burning fat. This aids long-term weight loss by changing how our bodies use energy and fighting against the hormones that cause obesity.
While retatrutide mainly works by reducing food intake, it also increases energy expenditure, which is important for weight loss.
Retatrutide effects on each receptor
GIP Effect: Stimulating GIP reduces stomach acid and a hormone called gastrin, which helps digest food. Slowing down digestion makes us feel fuller.
GLP-1 Effects: Activating the GLP-1 receptor delays stomach emptying, supported by research in both animals and humans. Slower stomach emptying affects how our bodies handle blood sugar after eating. This can help us eat less and lose weight.
GCG Effects: Recent research shows that glucagon, which acts through the GCG receptor, helps control hunger and how our bodies use energy. Glucagon signals the brain from the gut through the vagal nerve, making us feel full. Glucagon levels in the liver’s portal circulation regulate this signaling. Studies show that giving glucagon leads to a 20% weight loss and increases energy use. However, this effect isn’t directly through the GCG receptor but through another protein called FGF21, which is secreted by the liver. FGF21 helps burn fat without changing how much we eat.
- Significant potential for weight loss
- Once-weekly injection
- Improve blood pressure
- Prevent your liver from making too much sugar
- The pancreas produce more insulin when your blood sugar levels are high
- Control blood glucose
- Reduce hyperglycemia, especially after meals
- Reduce fasting insulin and fasting glucose
- Reduce hemoglobin A1c
- Decrease appetite and caloric intake, while inhibiting weight gain
- Lower triglyceride levels and oxidative stress from high LDL
- Decrease leptin and increase leptin sensitivity
- Increase the conversion of white fat to brown fat